The Challenger Deep, at a depth of about 36,000 feet (10,973 m) experiences a pressure of almost eight tons per square inch (11,249,112 kg/m 2). In other words, a vessel with only one square foot of hull would have three tons(2.72 tonnes) of force acting against it at a depth of only 100 feet. A mere 100 feet of seawater, then, will exert a pressure of 44 psi over each of the 144 square inches (929 cm 2) in one square foot (0.9 m 2)for a pressure of 6,336 pounds (2,877 kg). Of seawater increases by 44 pounds per square inch (psi) (3.1 kg/m 2) for every 100 feet(30.5 m) of depth. Part of the reason for this lack of direct knowledge is sea pressure.
In fact, for most of history men sailed on the surface of the ocean and submarines navigated the topmost few hundred meters, but the only ships that visited the ocean floor were those that sank, never to return.
Until the last decade of the twentieth century, however, more was known about the surfaces of Venus and Mars than was known about what lay beneath the oceans. Slightly over 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean. It spurred developments that led to the remotely operated vehicles that discovered the Titanic and recovered the treasure of the Central America in the 1990s. The technology that went into designing and building Trieste was later used for other research vessels and military submarines. This descent showed that the technology had been developed to take people virtually anywhere on Earth and that, just seven years after Mount Everest had been scaled, the depths of the sea had been conquered too. While this great depth has not yet been reached, on January 23, 1960, the Trieste descended to 35,800 feet (10,912 meters), the greatest depth yet reached by man. The greatest ocean depth yet located is the Challenger Deep, a part of the Mariana Trench that descends to a depth of 36,201 feet-almost seven miles down. Deep-Sea Diving: Jacques Piccard and Donald Walsh Pilot the Trieste to a Record Depth of 35,800 Feet in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean Overview
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